Nike, Inc. was founded in 1972 as an American sportswear company. Originally called Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman, a track-and-field coach at the University of Oregon. With his former student Phil Knight, they opened their first retail outlet in 1966 and launched the Nike brand shoe in 1972. The company was renamed Nike Inc., in 1978. It went public two years later. By the early 21st century, they had retail outlets and distributors in more than 170 countries. The curved check mark called the swoosh is a logo recognized throughout the world.
From the late 1980s, Nike steadily expanded its business and diversified its product line through numerous acquisitions, including the shoe companies Cole Haan (1988; sold in 2012) and Converse, Inc. (2003), the sports-equipment producer Canstar Sports, Inc. (1994; later called Bauer and sold in 2008), and the athletic apparel and equipment company Umbro (2008; sold in 2012). In 1996 the company created Nike ACG (all-conditions gear), which markets products for extreme sports such as snowboarding and mountain biking. In the early 21st century Nike began selling sports technology accessories, including portable heart-rate monitors and high-altitude wrist compasses.
Nike’s success is owed in large part to its endorsements. Athletes such as Michael Jordan, Mia Hamm, Roger Federer, and Tiger Woods. The NikeTown chain stores, the first of which opened in 1990, pay tribute to these and other company spokespersons while offering consumers a full range of Nike products. In the 1990s the company’s image briefly suffered from revelations about poor working conditions in its overseas factories.
